What is the primary function of a Zener diode?

The primary function of a Zener diode is voltage regulation. Zener diodes are specifically designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region, where they maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in the input voltage or load conditions. This unique characteristic makes them ideal for use in voltage regulation applications, where a stable output voltage is essential for the proper operation of electronic circuits.

In voltage regulation, Zener diodes can be used in conjunction with resistors to create a voltage reference or provide a regulated power supply. When the input voltage exceeds the Zener breakdown voltage, the diode conducts in reverse, clamping the output voltage to that specific Zener voltage level. This functionality is crucial for protecting sensitive components in electronic circuits from overvoltage conditions, ensuring reliability and longevity in their performance.